Drop Impact Dynamics: Impact Force and Stress Distributions

Dynamic variables of drop impact such as force, drag, pressure, and stress distributions are key to understanding a wide range natural industrial processes. While the study kinematics has been in constant progress for decades thanks high-speed photography computational fluid dynamics, research on dynamics only peaked last 10 years. Here, we review how recent coordinated efforts experiments, simulations, theories have led new insights dynamics. Particularly, consider temporal evolution force early- late-impact regimes, well spatiotemporal features pressure shear-stress solid surfaces. We also discuss other factors, including presence water layers, air cushioning, nonspherical geometry, briefly granular cratering by liquid drops an example demonstrating distinct consequences impact.